Performance Nickel Alloys - Knight Group

Performance Nickel Alloys are versatile materials offering a broad range of combined properties ideal for a variety of applications. These alloys offer a low coefficient of thermal expansion, good high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance and moderate high-temperature ductility, coupled with superior formability and weldability.

Available Alloys Grades

Alloy 201 / N02201

Alloy 200

HASTELLOY® B-3 / N10675

HASTELLOY® C-4 / N06455

HAYNES® 242 / N10242

HAYNES® 282 / N07208

HAYNES® 263 / N07263

WASPALOY / 2.4654 / N07001

Nickel 212

Alloy K-500 / MONEL® K500 / N05500

Alloy X / HASTELLOY® X / 2.4665 / N06002

Alloy C22 / HASTELLOY® C-22 / 2.4602/ N06022

Alloy 75 / NIMONIC® alloy 75 / 2.4951/ N06075

Alloy C2000 /HASTELLOY C-2000 / 2.4675/ N06200

Alloy 600 / INCONEL® 600 / 2.4816 / N06600

Alloy 601 / INCONEL® 601 / 2.4851 / N06601

Alloy 625 / INCONEL® 625 / 2.4856/ N06625

Alloy 214 / HAYNES® 214 / 2.4646/ N07214

Alloy C 276 /HASTELLOY® C-276 / 2.4819 / N10276

Alloy 718 / INCONEL® 718 / 2.4668/ N07718

Alloy X750 / INCONEL® X-750 / N07750

RENE 41 / 2.4973/ N07041

INCOLOY® A-286 / 1.4980 /S66286

Ni Cr 37/18 / Ni Cr 3718

Ni Cr 60/16 / NO 6004 / 2.4867 / Ni Cr 6015

Ni Cr 80/20 / NO 6003 / 2.4869 / Ni Cr 8020

HAYNES® HR-120® Alloy / 2.4854 / N08120

C125S / 1.1224

Haynes® 233 / Nickel 233 Alloy / N02233

Nilo® 42 / K94100 / K94101 / NiFe42

K94610 / Nilo K / 29/18 / NiFeK

N07090 / Nimonic® 90

Nilo® 48 / K94800 / NiFe48

Nilo® 36 / K93603 / NiFe36

Nilo®52 / N14052 / NiFe52

Alloy 400 / MONEL® 400 / 2.4360/2.4361 / N04400

CuNi6 / 2.0807 / Alloy 60

CuNi2 / 2.0802 / Alloy 30

CuNi44 / Hecnum / 2.0842

CuNi30Mn / 2.0838

CuNi23Mn / 2.0881

Alloy 800/ INCOLOY® alloy 800

Alloy 825 / INCOLOY® 825 / N08825

INCOLOY® 925 N09925

NI-SPAN-C® ALLOY 902 / N09902

What are the benefits of using Performance Nickel Alloys?

Nickel alloys are able to withstand a wide variety of severe operating conditions, including: corrosive environments, high temperatures, high stresses, and combinations of these factors.

What are the disadvantages of using Performance Nickel Alloys?

some grades are more expensive than other materials with similar benefits

Material Overview

Performance Nickel Alloys

Nickel is a very versatile metal, both in pure form and with the addition of other alloying elements. The key benefits of nickel alloys come from their ability to withstand a wide variety of severe operating conditions, including: corrosive environments, high temperatures, high stresses, and combinations of these factors. They also have good dimensional stability and can be easily hot or cold-worked to desired shape. These nickel alloys are widely used in power generation, aerospace, chemical process industries, and many other heavy industry segments. As a result, these alloys have extensive commercial uses for manufacturers across the globe. Although popular in commercially pure forms, nickel has the ability to alloy with a wide range of metals, putting nickel alloy metals at the forefront of modern metallurgy. These alloys tend to be expensive, so are used solely for high performance applications such as nuclear and aerospace springs and fasteners, furnace components and pressure vessels. Growth in demand from industrial sectors for metal alloys with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance at high temperatures has ensured the ongoing development of nickel alloy grades. The Knight Group works closely in partnerships with several mills to ensure our customers always have access to new nickel alloy developments. With a multitude of alloying options available, this group of alloys offers manufacturers the flexibility to meet specific requirements in many different types of environment.

 

There are many commercial applications for Nickel Alloys, with extensive use in Aerospace, Nuclear Plants, Medical, Chemical and Petrochemical industries. The most commercially popular forms of Nickel Alloys fall into the following categories:

 

  • Commercially Pure Nickel Alloys
  • Nickel Copper Alloys
  • Nickel-Chromium & Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
  • Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys (800 series)
  • Controlled Expansion Alloys
  • Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt Alloys (Alloy 90 & Alloy 75) – Wire only
Commercially Pure Nickels

Nickel 200, or Commercially Pure Nickel, has a nickel content of 99.5%. It offers good mechanical properties and resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments. Whilst Commercially Pure Nickel Strip cannot be hardened by heat treatment, strip, however, can be produced by cold rolling to a range of strengths. Other key characteristics within this group of alloys are high density, low electrical resistivity, high thermal conductivity and high magnetic properties. Commercially pure nickel strip has a wide range of applications and is extensively used in sectors with corrosive environments, high temperatures or high stresses. Sectors that utilise the benefits of nickel alloys include Aerospace, Chemical, Electronics, Heat Treatment, and Oil and Gas. One of the most common uses is within Chemical and processing plants. Owing to its excellent corrosion resistance in many chemical media, especially some strong alkalis, it is ideal for maintaining product purity in the handling of foods, synthetic fibres and caustic alkalis. An alternative commercially pure nickel grade is nickel alloy 201. Though sharing many properties with nickel alloy 200, grade 201 has a nickel content typically of 99.6% and reduced carbon content to avoid embrittlement at high temperatures. This grade is often used in the manufacturing of heat exchangers, but also in electrical and chemical industries.

 

Alloy 212, only available as wire, has similar chemical properties to alloy 200, but with the addition of 2% Manganese, offers manufacturers higher strength. Applications include electrode support wire, and cold tail connectors for heating cables and mats.

Nickel-Copper Alloys

These alloys are intended for use in harsh environments where high strength and corrosion resistance are required and resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking is desired. Nickel-copper alloys offer superior corrosion resistance in reducing chemical environments such as hydrofluoric acid, fluorine, sulphuric acid and alkalis, chloride and also in seawater. Nickel-copper alloys have greater resistance to cavitation corrosion when compared with other copper-base alloys. Consequently they are commonly found in Marine environments. In addition to their abilities to withstand severe environmental stresses, these alloys also have useful mechanical traits from sub-zero temperatures up to 549°C, such as good ductility and ease of fabrication. Typical applications include pickling plant and chemical processing equipment. The most popular grades are alloy 400 (Monel) and alloy K-500. While similar corrosion resistance, the latter benefits from the addition of titanium and aluminium offering increased hardness and enabling Alloy K500 to be heat treated to give higher strength. It is is an age-hardening alloy It retains its strength up to 650 °C and is strong and ductile at temperatures as low as -250 °C. This alloy has low magnetic permeability and is non-magnetic down to -130 °C.

Nickel-Chromium & Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys

This group of alloys led the way to higher strength and resistance to elevated temperatures so are ideal for applications that involve high-temperature exposure. The carburising environments and extreme temperatures within the Chemical Processing industry were the driving force in their development. Manufacturers found Stainless Steels unsuitable for such severe environments, whereas the addition of chromium in this group of nickel alloys results in greater corrosion protection. Nickel-Chromium- and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys Nickel Strip are designed for use in environments where the material must be not only strong but also resistant to high temperatures. These alloys find applications in the automotive industry, including cylinder heads and exhaust systems, where they allow great flexibility in designing engines. They are also used in heat exchange applications, oil refineries and power generation plants.

Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys (800 Series)

Designed to withstand the harsh conditions of the oilfield, our line of 800-series alloys has a proven reputation for strength and durability. Nickel-iron-chromium alloys are often referred to as superalloys owing to their superior properties of high-temperature strength and good oxidation resistance, withstanding carburization and other types of high-temperature corrosion. With the benefit of titanium addition for stabilisation, these alloys offer benefits over their austenitic stainless steel counterparts. Alloys including 800, 800H and 800HT and 825 have found extensive use in the Petrochemical processing industry but can also be used in various industrial applications from furnace components and industrial incinerators, heat and chemical processing equipment, to sheathing for electrical heating elements. The carbon content present in 800 series nickel alloys is proportional to creeping and cracking properties, whereby increasing the carbon content will result in more creeping and cracking properties. As with other nickel alloy grades, 800 Series grades are readily formable and weldable using a variety of techniques.

Controlled Expansion Alloys

Within both the scientific and lighting industry, glass-to-metal seals present a key challenge to manufacturers. Controlled Expansion Alloys expansion characteristics match both borosilicate (or Pyrex) glasses and alumina ceramics and therefore provide an ideal solution for components that incorporate a hermetic (glass to metal) seal and require good thermal conductivity. Equally, these alloys offer some more unusual characteristics, including their high strength, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and resistance to shock and cracking. As a result, Controlled Expansion Alloys also have significant benefits to electronic manufacturers and can be found in many electrical components and devices such as semiconductors and circuits, thermostat strips and rods, electric bulbs and industrial lamps.

Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt Alloys (Alloy 90 & Alloy 75) - Wire only

Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt Alloys were introduced in the 1940s for Aerospace applications and now is commonly found in industrial thermal processing, furnace components and heat-treatment equipment. These grades are best suited for applications requiring oxidation and scaling resistance coupled with medium strength at high operating temperatures. Alloy 75 or Nimonic 75 is a Nickel Chromium Alloy, strengthened with the addition of titanium. It provides excellent corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures and is primarily used in low-stress, elevated-temperature conditions, which require some oxidation resistance. This grade remains popular for aerospace applications such as fasteners, in part due to its ease of fabrication and formability. Alloy 90 or Nimonic 90 is another popular aerospace grade nickel-chromium alloy with the addition of cobalt. The alloy is precipitation hardenable and has high strength and corrosion resistance at very high temperatures (up to 950 °C). Other beneficial properties include high-stress rupture strength and high creep resistance at high temperatures making it suitable for a variety of applications in challenging environments.

Chemical and Mechanical Composition

Chemical Properties
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL ALLOYS
COMMON NAMETRADE MARKED METALSEURO. NAMEMATERIAL NUMBER EN / DINAmerican Designation (ASTM)AMSTYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION %
AISI nearest fitUNS nearest fitAlCCoCrCuFeMnMoNiPSiSTiOthers
COMMERCIALLY PURE NICKEL
alloy 200-NA 112.4066B 162N02200--0.15 max--0.250.4 max0.35 max-99.0 min-0.35 max0.01 max--
alloy 201-NA122.4068B 162N022015553-0.02 max--0.250.4 max0.35 max-99.0 min-0.35 max0.01 max--
NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY
alloy 400MONEL® alloy 400*NA132.4360 / 2.4361Strip: B 127 Wire: B 164N044004544-0.3 max--28.0 - 34.02.5 max2.0 max-63.0 – 70.0-0.5 max0.024 max--
COPPER NICKEL ALLOY (CUPRO NICKEL)
Cu Ni 44 Constantan Radio MetalHecnum Cu Ni 44-2.0842-------55.0-1.0-44.0-----
Cu Ni 30 Mn-2.0838-------67.0-3.0-30.0-----
Cu Ni 23 Mn-2.0881-------75.0-2.0-23.0-----
Alloy 90Cu Ni 10-2.0811-------90.0---10.0-----
Alloy 60Cu Ni 6-2.0807-------94.0---6.0-----
Alloy 30Cu Ni 2-2.0802-------98.0---2.0-----
NICKEL-CHROMIUM & NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS
alloy K500MONEL® alloy K500*-2.4375-N0550046762.30 - 3.150.25--Strip: 27.0 - 33.0 Wire: Balance2.0 max1.5-63.0 - 70.0-0.50.010.35 - 0.85-
Alloy XHASTELLOY® X-2.4665B 435N0600255360.50.05 - 0.150.50 - 2.5020.50 - 23.000.517.00 - 20.001.08.00 - 10.00Balance0.041.00.030.15W: 0.20 - 1.00 B: 0.01
C22HASTELLOY® C22®**-2.4602B 575N06022--0.0152.520.0 - 22.5-2.0 - 6.00.512.5 - 14.5Balance0.020.080.02-W 2.5-3.5 V 0.35 max
Alloy 75NIMONIC® alloy 75*-2.4951-N06075BS 2HR 203:2009-0.08 – 0.155.018 – 210.55.01.0-Balance1.00.020.20 – 0.60Pb: 0.005
Alloy C2000HASTELLOY® alloy C 2000**-2.4675B 575N06200-0.5 max0.01 max2.0 max22.0 - 24.01.30 - 1.903.0 max0.5 max15.0 - 17.0Balance0.025 max0.08 maxStrip: 0.01 max Wire: --Strip: V: 0.5 max Wire: -
alloy 600Inconel® Alloy 600NA142.4816B 168N066005540Strip: 0.35 max Wire: -0.15 maxStrip: 1.0 max Wire: -14.0 - 17.00.5 max6.0 - 10.01.0 max-72.0 minStrip: 0.040 max Wire: -0.5 max0.015 maxStrip: 0.50 max Wire: -Strip: Nb: 1.0 max Wire: -
alloy 601INCONEL® alloy 601*-2.4851B 168N0660158701.0 - 1.70Strip: 0.1 max Wire: --21.0 - 25.0Strip: - Wire: 1.00 maxBalance1.0 max-58.0 - 63.0-0.5 max0.015 maxStrip: 0.10-0.60 Wire: --
alloy 625INCONEL® alloy 625*NA212.4856B 443N0662555990.4 max0.1 max1.00 max20.0 - 23.0-5.0 max0.5 max8.0 - 10.0Strip: 58.0 min Wire: BalanceStrip: 0.015 Wire: -0.5 maxStrip: 0.015 Wire: -0.4 maxStrip: Nb + Ta 3.15 - 4.15 Wire: wire Nb + Ta 3.15 - 4.20
alloy 214HAYNES® 214®**-2.4646-N07214-4.0 – 5.00.15 max2.0 max15.0 – 17.0-2.0 – 6.01.00 max1.0 maxBalance-0.50 max0.015 maxTi: 0.50 maxW: 1.0 max B: 0.015 max Y: 0.01
alloy C 276HASTELLOY® C 276®**-2.4819B 575N10276--0.012.514.5 - 16.5-4.0 - 7.01.015.0 - 17.0Balance0.040.080.03-V 0.35 max W 3.0 - 4.5
alloy 718INCONEL® alloy 718*2.4668B 670N0771855960.20 - 0.800.08117.0 - 21.00.30 maxBalance0.352.80 - 3.3050.0 - 55.00.0150.350.0150.65 - 1.15Ta: 0.05 B: 0.006
alloy X750INCONEL® X-750*NA162.4669B 637N0775055980.40 - 1.000.081.00 max14.0 - 17.00.5 max5.0 - 9.0Strip: 0.35 max Wire: 1.00 max-Strip: Ni + Co: 70 min Wire: 70.0 min-Strip: 0.35 max Wire: 0.50 max0.01 max2.25 - 2.75Nb + Ta: 0.7 - 1.2
RENE 41-2.4973-N07041-Strip: 0.4-1.0 Wire: 1.4 – 1.8Strip: 0.08 max Wire: 0.12 maxStrip: 1.0 max Wire: 10.0 – 12.0Strip: 14.0-17.0 Wire: 18.0 – 20.0Strip: 0.5 max Wire: -Strip: 5.0-9.0 Wire: 5.0 maxStrip: 0.35 max Wire: -Strip: - Wire: 9.0 – 10.5Strip: Ni + Co: 70 min Wire: Balance-Strip: 0.35 max Wire: 0.5 max0.1 maxStrip: 2.25-2.75 Wire: 3.0 – 3.3Strip: Ta: 0.05 max Nb: 0.7-1.2 Wire: B 0.003 – 0.01
Incoloy® A-286Incoloy® A-286-1.4980-S66286-0.35 max0.08 max-13.5 – 16.0-Balance2.0 max1.0 – 1.524.0 – 27.0-1.0 max0.030 max1.9 – 2.35V 0.1 – 0.5
Ni Cr 37/18 / Ni Cr 3718---------18.0-45.0--37.0-----
Ni Cr 60/16/ Ni Cr 6015--2.4867-N06004----15.0-25.0--60.0-----
Ni Cr 80/20/ Ni Cr 8020--2.4869-N06003----20.0----80.0-----
Haynes® HR-120® AlloyHaynes® HR-120® Alloy-2.4854-N08120-0.40 maxStrip: 0.02-0.10 Wire: 0.03 – 0.103.00 max23.0 – 27.0Strip: 0.50 max Wire: -33 Bal min1.5 max2.50 max35.0 – 39.00-Strip: 1.0 max Wire: 0.03 maxStrip: 0.03 max Wire: --Strip: W: 2.50 max Wire: B: 0.01 max Nb (Cb): 0.40 – 0.90 W: 2.50 max N: 0.15 – 0.3
GLASS SEALING ALLOY (CONTROLLED EXPANSION)
Alloy 29/18Nilo® K-1.3981F 15K94610-0.1Strip: 0.02 Wire: 0.0417.00.20.2Strip: Balance Wire: 53.00.50.229.0-0.2-0.1Strip: Zr 0.10 max Wire: Al + Mg + Zr + Ti = 0.20
Alloy 90Nimonic 90NA192.4632-N07090-1 - 2-15 - 2118 - 21----54---2 - 3-
NiFe36Nilo® 36 ---K93603-              
NiFe42Nilo® 42-1.3917F 30K94100-0.10.05-0.25-rem0.8-(41)b0.0250.30.025-Mg = 0.1; Zr = 0.1
NiFe48Nilo® 48-1.3922-K94800-
NiFe52Nilo® 52-2.4478-N14052-
IRON-NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS
Alloy 800*INCOLOY® alloy 800*NA15B 409N0880058710.15 - 0.600.1-19.0 - 23.00.7539.5 min1.5-30.0 - 35.00.0451.00.0150.15 - 0.60-
Alloy 825*INCOLOY® alloy 825*NA162.4858-N08825-0.2 max0.05 max-19.5 - 23.5Strip: 1.50 - 3.00 Wire: -Strip: Balance Wire: 22.0 min1.0 max2.5 - 3.538.0 - 46.0Strip: - Wire: 0.030.5 max0.030.60 - 1.20-
-INCOLOY® 925---N09925-0.1 – 0.50.03 max19.5 – 22.51.5 – 3.022 Bal min1.0 max2.5 – 3.542.0 – 46.000.5 max0.03 max1.9 – 2.4Nb (Cb): 0.5 max
-NI-SPAN-C® ALLOY 902---N09902-0.30 – 0.800.06 max4.90 – 5.7545 Bal0.80 maxNi+C0: 41.0 – 43.50.04max1.00 max0.040 max2.20 – 2.75Cr+(Ti-4C): 7.10 – 8.10
NICKEL MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® B-3 / N10675*-2.4600-N10675-0.50 max0.01 max3.00 max1.00 – 3.00-1.00 – 3.003.00 max27.00 – 32.0065.00 min0.030 max0.10 maxStrip: 0.010 max Wire: 0.03 maxStrip: - Wire: 0.2 maxStrip: V: 0.20 max W: 3.00 max Wire: Nb: 0.2 max V: 0.2 max Ta: 0.2 max Zr: 0.1 max
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® C-4-2.4610-N06455--0.015 max2.0 max14.0 – 18.0-3.0 max1.014.0 – 17.0Balance0.04 max0.08 max0.03 max0.7 max-
-HAYNES® 242-2.4816-N10242-0.5 maxStrip: 0.03 Wire: 0.05 – 0.15 maxStrip: 1.0 max Wire: Co: 5.0 maxStrip: 7.0 – 9.0 Wire: Cr: 20.0 – 24.0Strip: 0.50 max Wire: -Strip: 2.0 max Wire: 3.0 maxStrip: 0.80 max Wire: 0.3 – 1.0Strip: 24.0 – 26.0 Wire: 1.0 – 3.0Balance0.03 maxStrip: 0.80 max Wire: 0.25 – 0.750.015 max-Wire Only: B: 0.015 max La: 0.005 – 0.05 W: 13.0 – 15.0
-HAYNES® 282---N07208-1.38 – 1.650.04 – 0.089.0 – 11.0Strip: 18.5 – 20.5 Wire: 18.5 – 21.50.1 max1.5 max0.30 max8.0 – 9.0Balance0.015 max0.15 max0.015 max1.90 – 2.30Strip: B: 0.003 – 0.010 Zr: 0.020 Wire: Ta: 0.1 max Nb: 0.2 max Zr: 0.02 max
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HAYNES® 230-2.4733-N06230-Strip: 0.20 – 0.50 Wire: 0.500.05 – 0.155.0 max20.0 – 24.0-3.00 max0.30 – 1.001.00 – 3.00Balance0.030 max0.25 – 0.750.015 max-Strip: W: 13.0 – 15.0 La: 0.01 – 0.05 Wire: B: 0.015 max La: 0.005 – 0.05 W: 13.00 – 15.00
COBALT NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM
-HAYNES® 263-2.4650-N07263-0.30 – 0.600.04 – 0.0819.0 – 21.019.0 – 21.00.20 max0.70 max0.60 max5.60 – 6.10Balance0.015 max0.40 max0.007 max1.90 – 2.40Wire: B: 0.005 max Tl+Al: 2.40 – 2.80
-WASPALOY-2.4654-N07001-1.20 – 1.60Strip: 0.02 max Wire: 0.02 – 0.1012.0 – 15.018.0 – 21.00.50 max2.0 max1.0 max3.50 – 5.0058 min0.030 max0.75 max0.030 max2.75 – 3.25B: 0.003 – 0.01 Zr: 0.02 – 0.12
NICKEL-MANGANESE
-Nickel 212-2.4110-N02212--0.1--0.20.251.50-2.50-97.0-0.20.006-Mg 0.20 max
Mechanical Properties (Strip)
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL ALLOY STRIP
COMMON NAMETRADE MARKED METALSEURO. NAMEMATERIAL NUMBER EN / DINAmerican Designation (ASTM)AMSProof Strength 0.2% Min (N/mm2)Tensile Strength (MPa)Elong. % Min. (50mm Gauge Length)Hardness Max (VPN)
AISI nearest fitUNS nearest fit
COMMERCIALLY PURE NICKEL
alloy 200-NA 112.4066B 162N02200-10538040125
alloy 201-NA122.4068B 162N0220155538534540
NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY (CUPRO NICKEL)
alloy 400MONEL® alloy 400*NA132.4360/2.4361Strip: B 127 Wire: B 164N044004544Mechanical Properties available on request
HecnumCu Ni 44-2.0842---Resistance Wire Grade Only
Cu Ni 30 Mn-2.0838---Resistance Wire Grade Only
Cu Ni 23 Mn-2.0881---Resistance Wire Grade Only
Alloy 90Cu Ni 10-2.0811---Resistance Wire Grade Only
Alloy 60Cu Ni 6-2.0807---Resistance Wire Grade Only
Alloy 30Cu Ni 2-2.0802---Resistance Wire Grade Only
NICKEL-CHROMIUM & NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS
alloy K500MONEL® alloy K500*-2.4375-N055004676Mechanical Properties available on request
Alloy XHASTELLOY® X-2.4665B 435N06002553631072335230
C22HASTELLOY® C22®**-2.4602B 575N06022-Mechanical Properties available on request.
Alloy 75NIMONIC® alloy 75*-2.4951-N06075BS 2HR 203:2009Mechanical Properties available on request.
Alloy C2000HASTELLOY® alloy C 2000**-2.4675B 575N06200-Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 600Inconel® Alloy 600NA142.4816B 168N06600554024155230230
alloy 601INCONEL® alloy 601*-2.4851B 168N06601587023079040230
alloy 625INCONEL® alloy 625*NA212.4856B 443N06625559941482730250
alloy 214HAYNES® 214®**-2.4646-N07214-Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy C 276HASTELLOY® C 276®**-2.4819B 575N10276-28069040230
alloy 718INCONEL® alloy 718*-2.4668B 670N07718559655296530270
alloy X750INCONEL® X-750*NA162.4669B 637N07750559828070040250
RENE 41-2.4973-N07041-Mechanical Properties available on request.
Incoloy® A-286Incoloy® A-286-1.498-S66286-Mechanical Properties available on request.
Ni Cr 37/18 / Ni Cr 3718------Mechanical Properties available on request.
Ni Cr 60/16/ Ni Cr 6015--2.4867-N06004-Mechanical Properties available on request.
Ni Cr 80/20/ Ni Cr 8020--2.4869-N06003-Mechanical Properties available on request.
Haynes® HR-120® AlloyHaynes® HR-120® Alloy-2.4854-N08120-Mechanical Properties available on request.
GLASS SEALING ALLOY (CONTROLLED EXPANSION)
Alloy 29/18Nilo® K-1.3981F 15K94610-30050025200
Alloy 90Nimonic 90NA192.4632-N07090-Wire Only Grade.
NiFe36Nilo® 36 ---K93603-Wire Only Grade.
NiFe42Nilo® 42-1.3917F 30K94100-Wire Only Grade.
NiFe48Nilo® 48-1.3922-K94800-Wire Only Grade.
NiFe52Nilo® 52-2.4478-N14052-Wire Only Grade.
IRON-NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS
Alloy 800*INCOLOY® alloy 800*NA15-B 409N08800587121052030200
Alloy 825*INCOLOY® alloy 825*NA162.4858-N08825-24055030200
-INCOLOY® 925---N09925-Wire Only Grade.
-NI-SPAN-C® ALLOY 902---N09902-Wire Only Grade.
NICKEL MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® B-3 / N10675*-2.46-N10675-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® C-4-2.461-N06455-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-HAYNES® 242-2.4816-N10242-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-HAYNES® 282---N07208-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HAYNES® 230-2.4733-N06230-Mechanical Properties available on request.
COBALT NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM
-HAYNES® 263-2.465-N07263-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-WASPALOY-2.4654-N07001-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-MANGANESE
-Nickel 212-2.411-N02212-Wire Only Grade.
Mechanical Properties (Wire)
Nickel Alloy Wire Mechanical Properties
COMMON NAMETRADE MARKED METALSEURO.NAMEMATERIAL NUMBER EN / DINAmerican Designation (ASTM)AMSTensile StrengthResistivity Ohms/cmDensity G/cm³Linear Expansion Coefficient 10-6/°CTemperature °CThermal Conductivity Wm-1 °C-1
AISI nearest fitUNS nearest fit
COMMERCIALLY PURE NICKEL
alloy 200-NA 112.4066B 162N02200-Annealed 400 – 480 Hard 750 – 900Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 201-NA122.4068B 162N022015553Annealed 400 – 480 Hard 750 – 900Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY (CUPRO NICKEL)
alloy 400MONEL® alloy 400*NA132.4360/2.4361Strip: B 127 Wire: B 164N044004544Annealed 400 – 600 Hard 850 – 1050Mechanical Properties available on request.
HecnumCu Ni 44-2.0842--0498.91420 – 100021.1
Cu Ni 30 Mn-2.0838--0378.915.720 – 100029
Cu Ni 23 Mn-2.0881--0308.915.720 – 100035
Alloy 90Cu Ni 10-2.0811--0158.91620 – 100060
Alloy 60Cu Ni 6-2.0807--0108.916.220 – 100090
Alloy 30Cu Ni 2-2.0802--0058.914.420 – 1000160
NICKEL-CHROMIUM & NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS
alloy K500MONEL® alloy K500*`2.4375-N055004676Annealed 650 – 850 Hard 1000 – 1300 Hard and aged 1200 – 1500Mechanical Properties available on request.
Alloy XHASTELLOY® X-2.4665B 435N060025536Strip Only Grade.
C22HASTELLOY® C22®**-2.4602B 575N06022-Strip Only Grade.
Alloy 75NIMONIC® alloy 75*-2.4951-N06075BS 2HR 203:2009Annealed 700 – 800 Hard 1200 – 1500Mechanical Properties available on request.
Alloy C2000HASTELLOY® alloy C 2000**-2.4675B 575N06200-Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 600Inconel® Alloy 600NA142.4816B 168N066005540Annealed 600 – 750 Hard 900 – 1250Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 601INCONEL® alloy 601*-2.4851B 168N066015870Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 625INCONEL® alloy 625*NA212.4856B 443N066255599Annealed 800 – 1000 Hard 1300 – 1600Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 214HAYNES® 214®**-2.4646-N072140Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy C 276HASTELLOY® C 276**-2.4819B 575N10276-Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy 718INCONEL® alloy 718*02.4668B 670N077185596Mechanical Properties available on request.
alloy X750INCONEL® X-750*NA162.4669B 637N077505598Mechanical Properties available on request.
-RENE 41-2.49730N070410Mechanical Properties available on request.
Incoloy® A-286Incoloy® A-286-1.49800S662860Mechanical Properties available on request.
Ni Cr 37/18 / Ni Cr 3718---0-0n/a1057.951820 – 100013
Ni Cr 60/16/ Ni Cr 6015--2.48670N060040n/a1128.1617.520 – 100013.3
Ni Cr 80/20/ Ni Cr 8020--2.48690N060030n/a1088.3517.520 – 100015
Haynes® HR-120® AlloyHaynes® HR-120® Alloy-2.48540N081200Mechanical Properties available on request.
GLASS SEALING ALLOY (CONTROLLED EXPANSION)
Alloy 29/18Nilo® K-1.3981F 15K94610-Annealed 450 – 550 Hard 700 – 900498.36--16.0
Alloy 90Nimonic 90NA192.4632-N07090-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NiFe36Nilo® 36 ---K93603-Mechanical Properties available on request.8.11Mechanical Properties available on request.
NiFe42Nilo® 42-1.3917F 30K94100-Annealed 450 – 550 Hard 700 – 900638.12--15.0
NiFe48Nilo® 48-1.3922-K94800--418.17--16.0
NiFe52Nilo® 52-2.4478-N14052--438.25--17.0
IRON-NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS
Alloy 800*INCOLOY® alloy 800*NA15-B 409N088005871Strip Only Grade.
Alloy 825*INCOLOY® alloy 825*NA162.4858-N08825-Annealed 600 – 800 Hard 800 – 1100Mechanical Properties available on request.
-INCOLOY® 925---N09925-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-NI-SPAN-C® ALLOY 902---N09902-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® B-3 / N10675*-2.46000N10675-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® C-4-2.46100N06455-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-HAYNES® 242-2.48160N10242-Mechanical Properties available on request.
-HAYNES® 282--0N07208-Mechanical Properties available on request.
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HAYNES® 230-2.4733-N06230-Mechanical Properties available on request.
COBALT NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM
-HAYNES® 263-2.4650-N07263-Mechanical Properties available on request.

Material Applications and Features

Applications and Features
NICKEL ALLOY MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
COMMON NAMETRADE MARKED METALSEURO. NAMEMATERIAL NUMBER EN / DINAmerican Designation (ASTM)AMSKey FeaturesKey MarketsApplications
AISI nearest fitUNS nearest fit
COMMERCIALLY PURE NICKEL ALLOY
alloy 200-NA 112.4066B 162N02200-Commercially pure Nickel with excellent mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance, particularly to caustic alkalis and de-aerated acid. High thermal and electrical conductivity. Can be shaped through all hot and cold working practices.Aerospace, Defence, Food and Beverage, Automotive, Chemical Processing, Electronicsbursting discs, explosion panels, battery contacts, food processing, chemical containers and components, aerospace and defence components
alloy 201-NA122.4068B 162N022015553Low carbon version of commercially pure alloy 200. Generally specified for temperature above 315°C. It does not suffer embrittlement due to the low carbon content. It is particularly suited for spinning and cold forming.Automotive, Chemical Processing, Aerospace, Electronicselectronic components, chemical industry components, aerospace components, bursting discs, heat exchangers
NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY (CUPRO NICKEL)
alloy 400MONEL® alloy 400*NA132.4360 / 2.4361Strip: B 127 Wire: B 164N044004544A solid-solution alloy only hardenable through cold-working. High strength and toughness over a large temperature range. Excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in sea water.Aerospace, Oil & Gas, Marine, Chemicalbellows, heat exchangers, propellers, shafts, fasteners, braiding, components for marine engineering and chemical processing, packed columns, pressure vessels and reactors, brine heaters, salt production equipment pump and valve components pipe work and pipe spools
HecnumCu Ni 44-2.0842--Medium resistivity combined with low temperature coefficient of resistance makes this alloy ideal for resistors. It is suitable for temperatures up to 400°C.Electronicsthermocouples, resistors, heating wires and cables.
Cu Ni 30 Mn-2.0838--This alloy offers high resistance to oxidation and chemical corrosion. Maximum working temperature is 500°C.Electronicsresistors, heating cables and detectors for fuses.
Cu Ni 23 Mn-2.0881--This alloy offers high resistance to oxidation and chemical corrosion. Maximum working temperature is 500°C.Electronicsresistors, heating cords and mats.
Alloy 90Cu Ni 10-2.0811--This alloy offers high resistance to oxidation and chemical corrosion. Maximum working temperature is 400°C.Electronicslow value resistors, heating wires and mats.
Alloy 60Cu Ni 6-2.0807--Characterised by low resistivity, this alloy offers high resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The maximum operating temperature is 300°C.Electronicstube electrical welding fittings, ribbons used for heating of bimetals.
Alloy 30Cu Ni 2-2.0802--Characterised by low resistivity, this alloy offers high resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The maximum operating temperature is 300°C.Electronicstube electrical welding fittings, ribbons used for heating of bimetals.
NICKEL-CHROMIUM & NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS
alloy K500MONEL® alloy K500*`2.4375-N055004676Precipitation hardened non-magnetic alloy. Greater strength and hardness than Monel 400, whilst maintaining excellent corrosion resistance. High fatigue strength in seawater.Oil & Gas, Chemical, Power Generation, Marine, Medical, Electronicspropellers, fasteners, gyroscopes, medical blades, pump shafts, drill collars, valve components, springs, blades and scrapers, oil-weld tools and chains
Alloy XHASTELLOY® X-2.4665B 435N060025536Additional amounts of chromium and iron provide strength and resistance to corrosion and oxidisation up to 1170°CAerospace, Automotive, Chemical,aerospace components, honeycomb seals, combustion liners, turbine engine components
C22HASTELLOY® C22®**-2.4602B 575N06022-A versatile Nickel Alloy with superior corrosion resistance and weldabilityChemical, Nuclear, Environment & Energy Engineering, Oil & Gas, Waste Managementexpansion bellows, industrial equipment, chemical processing.
Alloy 75NIMONIC® alloy 75*-2.4951-N06075BS 2HR 203:2009Medium strength at high operating temperatures. Good Weldability. Due to good ductility and malleability in the annealed condition it can be used in cold deformation, large reductions can be made without rupture.Aerospace, Thermal Engineeringturbine blades, furnace components, heat treatment equipment
Alloy C2000HASTELLOY® alloy C 2000**-2.4675B 575N06200-The addition of Copper enables resistance to an extensive range of corrosive chemicals, including many acids. Easy to form and weld. Excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking.Chemicalheat exchangers, reactors
alloy 600Inconel® Alloy 600NA142.4816B 168N066005540Resists oxidation up to 1200°C, good corrosion resistance. High Nickel content makes it highly resistant to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking. It is not Precipitation Hardenable. Can be hardened and strengthened through cold work. Can operate from cryogenic temperatures to above 1095°C. Readily weldable by conventional processes.Chemical, Nuclear, Aerospace, Heat Treating, Automotive, Oil & Gas, Environment & Energy Engineeringflexible tubing, furnace equipment, insulation blankets, chemical and food processing, seals
alloy 601INCONEL® alloy 601*-2.4851B 168N066015870Lower Nickel content than alloy 600, with Aluminium and silicon additions for exceptional resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. Good mechanical strength, easily formed, machined and welded. It has high tensile strength at room temperature, and retains much of it at elevated temperatures. Alloy 601 is not embrittled by long exposures to elevated temperatures, retaining good impact strength. Good creep-rupture strength.Chemical, Thermal Engineering, Aerospace, Power Generation, Petrochemical, Automotivepetrochemical processing equipment, furnace equipment, gas turbine components, gaskets, condenser tubes, insulating cans
alloy 625INCONEL® alloy 625*NA212.4856B 443N066255599High temperature, high strength alloy, tougher than alloy 600 due to increased Molybdenum and Niobium content. Good Creep and Rupture strength. Higher oxidisation resistance and excellent resistance to aqueous corrosion, chloride pitting and crevice corrosion cracking. It is resistant to caustics and seawater as well as being immune to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking. Excellent weldability.Automotive, Chemical, Marine, Aerospace, Power Generation, Nuclearhoneycomb, seals, bellows, diaphragms, springs, heat exchangers, aircraft exhausts, marine components, compressor vanes
alloy 214HAYNES® 214®**-2.4646-N07214This alloy is Ideally suited to high temperature, low stress oxidizing environments. It has excellent corrosion and oxidisation resistance at high temperatures at and above 955°C (1750°F). Al2O3 type oxide scale develop at temperatures above 955°C (1750°F), providing superior resistance to carburization, nitriding and corrosion in chlorine-bearing oxidizing environments.Aerospace, Automotive, Industrial Heating, Medicalhoneycomb, seals, catalytic converters, flame hoods, rotary calciners flame hoods, burners, mesh belts, catalytic converters, chlorine contaminated incinerator systems
alloy C 276HASTELLOY® C 276®**-2.4819B 575N10276-Outstanding universal corrosion resistance. High Chromium and Molybdenum contents protect against oxidising and non-oxidising acids.Chemical, Marine, Aerospace, Oil & Gas, Environment & Energy Engineering, Pharmaceuticaldiaphragms, marine engineering, chemical processing, pulp and paper production, ducts, heat exchangers
alloy 718INCONEL® alloy 718*2.4668B 670N077185596Precipitation hardened, age hardenable, high strength alloy. Good corrosion resistance and highly resistant to chloride and sulphur stress corrosion cracking. Titanium and niobium additions overcome strain age cracking problems in welding to provide good weldability.Oil & Gas, Nuclear, Aerospace, Defence, Automotivehigh temperature springs, bellows, seals, valves, fasteners, mandrels, gaskets, clamps
alloy X750INCONEL® X-750*NA162.4669B 637N077505598Precipitation hardenable, excellent strength and corrosion resistance up to 704°C and useful strength up to 982°C and excellent relaxation resistance. Ideal for springs operating at high temperatures.Oil & Gas, Nuclear, Aerospace, Power Generation, Automotivehigh temperature springs, diaphragms, gas turbines, jet engines
RENE 41-2.4973N07041A precipitation-hardenable Nickel-Chromium alloy with high strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Relaxation resistance up to 815°C (1500°F) at low loads.Automotive, Aerospacesprings, turbine blades, fasteners, pumps, combustion chamber liners, structural hardware
Incoloy® A-286Incoloy® A-286-1.4980S66286Age-hardenable, with high strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, maintained up to temperatures around 700°C (1300°F). Excellent fabrication characteristics of, good creep-rupture strength during extended high-temperature exposure.Automotive, Aerospace, Power Generation, Chemical Processing, Oil & Gas, Cryogenicturbine engine components, afterburner parts, non-magnetic cryogenic equipment, oil & gas manifolds, fasteners springs
Ni Cr 37/18 / Ni Cr 3718----Balance mainly Iron. Suitable for continuous operation up to 1050°C, in furnaces with atmospheres which may otherwise cause dry corrosion for higher nickel content materials.Power Generation, Chemical Processing, Heat Treatmentelectric heaters, electric furnaces (with atmospheres).
Ni Cr 60/16/ Ni Cr 6015--2.4867N06004A Ni/Cr alloy with balance mainly Iron, with long life additions. It is suitable for use up to 1100°C, but the higher coefficient of resistance notes it suitable only for less exacting applications than 80/20.Power Generation, Chemical Processing, Heat Treatmentelectric heaters, heavy duty resistors, electric furnaces
Ni Cr 80/20/ Ni Cr 8020--2.4869N06003Contains long life additions making it eminently suitable for applications subject to frequent switching and wide temperature fluctuations. Can be used at operating temperatures up to 1150 °C.Power Generation, Chemical Processing, Heat Treatmentcontrol resistors, high temperature furnaces, soldering irons
-Haynes® HR-120® Alloy-2.4854N08120Solid solution strengthened, heat resistant alloy, with excellent strength at elevated temperatures. Very good resistance in carburizing and sulfidizing environments. Oxidation resistance is similar to other widely used Fe-Ni-Cr materials but offers significantly higher strength at temperatures up to 1204.5°C (2200°F) . Excellent resistance to hot corrosion in molten salt environments and can be readily cold or hot formed.Industrial Heat Treating, Chemical/Waste Processing, Food Processingheat treatment baskets, wire mesh belts, basket liners, mufflers, recuperators, waste incinerators, turbine engine parts, heat treat furnaces and fixtures, radiant tubes
CONTROLLED EXPANSION NICKEL ALLOYS (GLASS SEALING)
Alloy 29/18Nilo® K-1.3981F 15K94610-Controlled expansion alloy whose coefficient of expansion decreases with rising temperature and matches the expansion rate of glassAerospace, Automotive, Electronicsmicrowave tubes, transistors, diodes, hermetic seals
Alloy 90Nimonic 90NA192.4632-N07090-A precipitation hardenable alloy, providing high strength at elevated temperatures.Aerospaceaerospace springs and components
NiFe36Nilo® 36 ---K93603-Availble by Request
NiFe42Nilo® 42-1.3917F 30K94100-An alloy that exhibits very low thermal expansion at elevated temperatures.Electronicselectronics and semiconductors, glass to metal seals.
NiFe48Nilo® 48-1.3922-K94800-A controlled expansion alloy with 48% nickel. The coefficient of expansion approximately equals that of soft glasses of soda lime and lead oxide types.Electronicsglass to metal seals
NiFe52Nilo® 52-2.4478-N14052-A controlled expansion alloy with 52% nickel. Particularly suitable for seals with soft glasses.Electronicsglass to metal seals.
IRON-NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS
Alloy 800*INCOLOY® alloy 800*NA15-B 409N088005871Excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, strength and stability at high temperatures. Resists stress corrosion cracking and oxidisation at high temperatures. Used in applications in which resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking is required. 800H and 800HT alloys are available with a greater resistance to stress rupture and creep.Chemical, Thermal Engineering, Food and Beverage, Nuclear, Petrochemicalelectrical heating elements, heat exchangers, furnace equipment, petrochemical process tubing, domestic appliances
Alloy 825*INCOLOY® alloy 825*NA162.4858-N08825-Additional molybdenum for increased corrosion resistance over alloy 800. Resistant to oxidisation and reducing acids, particularly sulphuric, stress corrosion cracking and pitting.Chemical, Petrochemical, Oil & Gas, Nuclear, Pollution Controltubing, pipework in petrochemical, industry, seals, gaskets, heat exchangers
-INCOLOY® 925---N09925-Age-hardenable, high strength alloy. Superior corrosion resistance in oxidizing environments and reducing chemicals as well as pitting/crevice corrosion and chloride induced stress corrosion cracking.Oil & Gas, Chemical Processing, Marinewell components, tubing, valves, hangers, tool joints, marine/pump shafts, high-strength pipe
-NI-SPAN-C® ALLOY 902---N09902-Precipitation hardenable alloy with low magnetostrictive properties. It benefits from a thermoelastic coefficient that can be controlled by the amount of cold work and heat treatment temperature, enabling it to fit the requirements of many applications, including thost at cryogenic temperatures.Precision Equipment Manufacturing, Cryogenicsprecision instruments, resonant vibrating systems, tuning forks, springs, cryogenic applications
NICKEL MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® B-3 / N10675*-2.4600N10675-Superior thermal stability, excellent resistance to pitting, corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures and can withstand sulfuric, acetic, formic, and phosphoric acids, and other non-oxidizing media.Chemical Processingchemical processing, vacuum furnaces, mechanical components. reaction vessels, welding wire, fittings, rings, springs
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HASTELLOY® C-4-2.4610N06455-Excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and to oxidizing atmospheres at high temperature. With similar corrosion resistance to alloy C-276, it offers exceptional resistance to a wide variety of chemical process environments.Chemical Processing, Nuclear Processing, Marinesprings and components for chemical processing, nuclear fuel processing, marine applications
-HAYNES® 242-2.4816N10242-Age hardenable alloy, combining high temperature strength, low thermal expansion, and good oxidation resistance.Aerospace, Industrial Heat Treating, Power Generation, Chemical Processing, Nuclear Fuel Processingsprings, seal rings, containment rings, rocket nozzles, pumps, high temperature fluoride bearing environments, duct segments, casings, fasteners, acid processing equipment
-HAYNES® 282--N07208-Age-hardenable superalloy, that combines e superalloy, with superior mechanical properties including excellent creep strength with thermal stability, weldability, and fabricability. The new alloy has excellent creep strength in the temperature range of 649 to 927°C (1200 to 1700°F )Aerospace, Automotive, Land Based Turbinesair/ land-based turbines, exhaust nozzles, gaskets and seals
NICKEL-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY
-HAYNES® 230-2.4733-N06230-Excellent high temperature strength and oxidation resistance and good fabricability. Lower thermal expansion characteristics compared to most high temperature alloys. Resists grain coarsening with prolonged high temperature exposure.Aerospace, Industrial Heating, Power Generation, Chemical Processinggas turbine components, bellows, furnace components, catalyst grid supports
COBALT NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM
-HAYNES® 263-2.4650-N07263-Age-hardenable alloy with very good aged strength properties and excellent fabrication characteristics in the annealed condition. Easier to weld, but lower strength at high temperature than Waspaloy or R-41. Excellent intermediate temperature tensile ductility. Does not usually exhibit strain age cracking problems otherwise common for gamma prime strengthened alloys.Aerospace, Land Based Turbinesair/ land-based turbines, low temperature combustors, transition liners, rings

All data is provided for informational purposes only. In no event will the Knight Group and its subsidiaries, be liable for in respect of any action taken by any third party arising from using the information taken from our online or printed sources. Chemical and Mechanical Properties should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specifications, nor should information be used to assess suitability for a particular use or application. The information and data provided is deemed to be accurate to the best of our knowledge and may be revised anytime without notice and assume no duty to update